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7.1.D. - Page 11 <br /> their electorate was already voting by absentee ballot, with only one county offering <br /> registered voters the opportunity to vote in-person at polling places.10 <br /> In California any registered voter may vote by absentee ballot as of 1978, and today <br /> 24 states across the nation allow No Excuse Absentee voting.11 Until then and since 1920, <br /> only the ill, disabled, or those unable to reach a polling place with documented reasons <br /> could vote absentee.12 Additionally, the state now offers citizens the option of becoming <br /> permanent vote-by-mail voters.13 From 1962 to 1988 the numbers of voters who cast their <br /> votes by mail saw an increase of 12 percentage points, from less than 3 percent of ballots <br /> to 15 percent of all ballots cast. In the 2008 election more than 40 percent of all ballots <br /> were submitted by mail.14 However, both Alpine and Sierra are counties that conduct all- <br /> mail ballot elections for all local, state, and federal elections because their precincts have <br /> fewer than 250 voters as required by law to change them into all vote-by-mail precincts.15 <br /> 10 Schmidt,Katie. "Washington to shift to all vote-by-mail elections."The News Tribune.The News Tribune,5 Apr. <br /> 2011.Web. 14 Nov.2013. <br /> Bergman,Elizabeth,and Philip A.Yates. "Changing Election Methods:How Does Mandated Vote-By-Affect <br /> Individual Registrants?"Election Law Journal:Rules,Politics,and Policy 10.2(2011): 115-27.Web. 15 Nov.2013. <br /> <http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/pdf/10.1089/elj.2010.0079>.. <br /> 12 <br /> „A History of Vote-by Mail(Absentee)Ballot Use in California.”Runbeck Election Services.Runbeck Election <br /> Services,Inc.,2011.Web. 10 Nov.2013.<http://www.runbeck.net/pressroom/pdf/VoteMailCA2.pdf>. <br /> 13 Alvarez,R.Michael,Thad E.Hall,and Betsy Sinclair."Whose Absentee Votes Are Counted:The Variety and Use <br /> of Absentee Ballots in California."Caltech/MIT Voting Technology Project.Caltech/MIT, 19 July 2005.Web. 15 Nov. <br /> 2013.<http://www.vote.caltech.edu/sites/default/files/vtp_wp34.pdf>. <br /> 14 <br /> „Dispatch:California Vote by Mail.”The Pew Charitable Trusts.Pew Charitable Trusts,n.d.Web.27 Sept.2012. <br /> <http://www.pewstates.org/research/analysis/california-vote-by-mail-85899420107>. <br /> 15Liu,,and Darren Chesin."SB 1102 Bill Analysis:Special vacancy elections:vote by mail."Official California <br /> Legislative Information.N.p.,20 Apr.2010.Web. 15 Nov.2013.<http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/09- <br /> 10/bill/sen/sb 1101-1150/sb 1102 cfa 20100419 140142 sen comm.html>. <br /> 5 <br />