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7.1.D. - Page 14 <br /> mail system, though the change does not signal particular gains for either political party. <br /> 18 <br /> Another study of Oregon's subsequent turnout by Karp and Banducci (2000) found <br /> that an all vote-by-mail system was only likely to increase turnout in likely voters. That <br /> is, voters of high socioeconomic status who are predisposed to vote but do not have the <br /> time to do so or do not typically find it convenient. Moreover, the increase in turnout was <br /> most associated with local and primary elections, in which turnout is typically low. <br /> Among the low income and disenfranchised they found little to no change and suggested <br /> that even lowering administrative requirements would unlikely solve the issue of low <br /> turnout among these populations.19 <br /> A Common Cause policy brief of vote-by-mail elections states that, in general, they <br /> had the potential to increase voter turnout by 4-5% in general elections and by an even <br /> larger margin for off-year or local elections.20 <br /> The Oregon studies found that voters who had never voted before were unlikely to <br /> start as a result of vote-by-mail elections but those who voted in larger elections would be <br /> more likely to participate in local elections as well. Other benefits included reduced cost, <br /> more time for voters to deliberate, and fewer logistical issues related to voting in person. <br /> 18 Southwell,Priscilla L. "Vote by mail:Voter Preferences and Self-Reported Voting Behavior."All Academic <br /> Research.American Political Science Association,5 Sept.2004.Web. 12 Nov.2013. <br /> <http://citation.allacademic.com//meta/p_mla_apa_research_citation/0/6/0/7/3/pages60739/p60739-1.php>. <br /> 19 Karp,Jefferey A.,and Susan A.Banducci. "Going Postal:How All-Mail Elections Influence Turnout."Political <br /> Behavior 22.3(2000):223-39.Web. 15 Nov.2013.<http://www.jstor.org/stable/1520048>. <br /> 20 This policy brief does not seem to be based on specific research <br /> http://www.commoncause.org/site/pp.asp?c=dkLNK1MQIwG&b=3790039 <br /> 8 <br />