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Nicotine & Tobacco Research 8.A. - Page 23 o ' spearman rho correlation represents the time it takes for SHS to P rn transfer between units (Van Deusen et al., 2009). 0 O n 0 0 - CD (D N 0 0 v Air quality data were obtained from 30 living units within 11 m oi oo o different MUH structures. Table 1 presents descriptive sum- v N GO - mary statistics corresponding to the assessed smoke -permitted units (n = 16), smoke-free units (n = 14), hallways (n = 8), and O° c outdoor patios (n = 3). Monitors ran for a total of 981 hr in Q GO Qo O ^ - smoke -permitted units (median = 72 hr; range 8-72), 938 hr in smoke-free units (median = 72 hr; range 12-72), 460 hr in hall- ways (median = 70 hr; range 10-72), and 217 hr in outdoor " patios (median = 72 hr; range 70-75). Assessed buildings varied " in size between 2 and 11 total units, with a median unit volume Eb� ° rn N of 155 m3 (range 120-180). The activity logs completed by participants indicated that smoking occurred on a daily basis in each of the smoke - permitted units. A total of 413 cigarettes (median = 20, range = c10-93) were smoked within the smoke -permitted units during & v the monitoring periods, while no cigarettes were smoked within �J the smoke-free units. The amount of cigarettes smoked per 'G day, as reported at baseline, was correlated with the quantity actually smoked during the assessment period (PP,.= 0.596, v m- p = .015). Cigarette density (median = 0.2 cigarettes/hr/100 m3, " b ? range = 0.1-1.6) trended positively with median PMz s (Pspear - 0.766, p = .001), and cumulative vapor phase nicotine concen- trations (smoke -permitted unit = 5.73 µg/m3 and smoke-free 0 unit = 0.20 µg/m3) were comparable to expected nicotine con - on - centrations (4.10 and 0.44 µg/m3) derived from mean PMz 5 Qlevels observed during the same period (Repace and Lowrey, .= o o 1993). Similarly, the median PMIS level observed on the as- sessed patios (8.6 µg/m3) did not significantly differ from the outdoor level measured by the nearby Department of Environ- cmental Conservation monitoring station during the same time �J period (9.9 µg/m3). 0 o $ � 7� o N o Figure 1 presents median PMZ S levels in smoke -permitted ra w w w w units, hallways, smoke-free units, and outdoor patios both over- all and stratified by time of day. Overall median PMZ S levels > were 20.2 µg/m3 in smoke -permitted units (individual unit N range: 4.2-229.6 µg/m3), 16.6 µg/m3 in hallways (individual ohallway range: 4.5-90.9 µg/m3), 8.3 µg/m3 in smoke-free units (individual unit range: 1.6-15.7 µg/m3), and 8.6 µg/m3 on out- s door patios (individual patio range: 2.6-18.2 µg/m3). Following 3 stratification by time of day, medianPMZ S levels were greatest in all three indoor locations between 4:00 PM and 11:59 PM, the 0 0 0 3 same time period in which the most cigarettes were smoked (n = 181; 43.8%). Regardless of the time of day, a significant trend (p < .001) inPM levels was observed across monitor z.s •t4 3 3 0 0 0 N locations (Figure 1). y v Evidence of SHS transfer from smoke -permitted units was Q detected in 2 of the 14 smoke-free units (14%) and 6 of the 8 hallways (75%). Examples of specific instances of transfer be- tween units are presented in Figure 2. Figure 2 shows PMZ S lev- y o els over a 1 -hr period on the second floor of a 11 -unit MUH a c structure. Aside from an open patio door in the smoking unit, Z3 `° no other instances of appliance use, pyrolosis, or ventilation Z were reported on activity logs during the presented timeframe. rA o v The lag time resulting in the highest correlation between peak 0 O n 0 0 - CD (D N 0 0