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Chapter 1 x Executive Summary <br />1-12 <br />Table 1-2: Summary of O&M and Capital Costs <br />Alternative O&M Costs1 <br />(million $) <br />Capital Costs <br />(million $) <br />Alternative 2: Short-Term Enhanced Bus on Highway Bridge (2020) $11.5 $15.3 <br />Alternative 4: Long-Term Enhanced Bus on Highway Bridge with <br />Reversible Express Lanes (2030) $19.6 $1,098.1 <br />Alternative 5: Long-Term Enhanced Bus on Highway Bridge with One <br />Express Lane in Each Direction (2030) $19.8 $1,060.8 <br />Alternative 6: Busway on Rail Bridge (2030) $16.1 $1,221.2 <br />Alternative 7: Rail Shuttle on Rail Bridge (2030) $41.1 $1,756.1 <br />Alternative 8: Rail Commuter Single-Track on Rail Bridge (2030) $37.2 $1,829.9 <br />Alternative 9: Rail Commuter Double-Track on Rail Bridge (2030) $43.4 $1,957.2 <br />Alternative 10: Combination Bus and Rail (2030) Alternatives 5 and 9 $61.5 $2,403.9 <br />1 Baseline transit service costs <br />Source: CDM Smith and HDR Engineering, 2017 <br />1.5 Travel Forecasting <br />To estimate the transportation benefits of the DTCS’s alternatives, the C/CAG-VTA travel demand <br />model was used to project how each alternative would perform in terms of transbay travel, <br />vehicle throughput, total transit ridership, congestion, and other characteristics. Land use, <br />population, and employment assumptions in the model are consistent with the MTC Plan Bay <br />Area Regional Transportation Plan (RTP), known as Transportation 2035. However, some <br />assumptions were modified to match observed growth trends that were not anticipated in the <br />RTP. The model is designed to produce macro-level forecasts for 2020 and 2040, which varies <br />slightly from the established long-term horizon year of 2030. More detail about the travel <br />demand model and results can be found in Chapter 10. <br />All of the transportation alternatives show substantial increases in transit ridership over 2013 <br />conditions. This includes both public service and private shuttle buses operated by major <br />employers. Total transit ridership as shown in Table 1-3 includes trips that use those services to <br />cross the Bay (transbay trips) and trips that remain on one side of the Bay, such as those between <br />the Redwood City Caltrain Station and the planned Willow Road station in Menlo Park. Transbay <br />ridership is shown in Table 1-4. <br />Increasing congestion on the Dumbarton Highway Bridge will continue to erode the effectiveness <br />of transbay transit services that use it. Without any action to increase capacity and efficiency for <br />transit modes, congestion on the Dumbarton Highway Bridge and approaches will reduce its <br />competitiveness. The forecasts predict lower transit ridership in the 2040 No Build scenario than <br />the 2020 No Build scenario. This demonstrates that without the enhancements provided in the <br />bus alternatives, transbay Dumbarton transit service is predicted to degrade significantly <br />between 2020 and 2040 as buses are increasingly delayed in congested conditions. <br />In total, the bus alternatives generate about 25 percent more ridership than the rail alternatives. <br />This is due in part by more frequent bus service: ten-minute peak headways for four different <br />transbay bus routes versus 15-minute headways for the Rail Shuttle (Alternative 7) and 60- <br />minute headways for the Rail Commuter alternatives (Alternatives 8 and 9). In addition, the bus <br />6.1.D. - Page 21