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some may hold them in a high -enough quantity to pose a public risk. Approximately 300 locations in the City have been contaminated with hazardous materials, mostly a consequence of leaking storage tanks, although many of these sites have been mitigated. These facilities are largely located along US Route 101 and near the Port. The California Department of Toxic Substance Control maintains a current list of active sites. There is no history of substantial hazardous material incidents in the City. Small-scale events have occasionally occurred. All expectations are that there will continue to be a risk of hazardous material incidents in Redwood City. This may occur as a consequence of a natural disaster, a vehicle accident, or other events. While a hazardous material incident may occur anywhere in the City, it is more likely to occur along major transportation corridors or in industrial areas. 2.2.3 EARTHQUAKE The Earth's seemingly -solid surface is composed of numerous large sections, called tectonic plates, which are very slowly moving around the planet. As these plates and their individual sections move past each other along boundaries called faults, they sometimes stick together due to friction. Stress builds and eventually becomes strong enough to overcome the friction, causing the plates to suddenly slip past each other. This rapid movement creates the shaking that we perceive as an earthquake. Moderate shaking can cause power outages and break small items, while more severe shaking can damage or destroy structures. The nearest major fault to Redwood City is the San Andreas Fault, which is approximately four miles from downtown Redwood City at its closest point. The San Andreas Fault is the largest fault in California and one of the most likely to generate a significant earthquake. The Hayward Fault, located in the East Bay (approximately 15 miles from Redwood City) also has a substantive chance of creating a major earthquake. Other major regional faults include San Gregorio (12 miles away), Calaveras (21 miles away), and Green Valley (33 miles away). A major earthquake is likely to cause similar shaking throughout Redwood City, although areas closest to the event and land created by filling in San Francisco Bay will likely experience the strongest shaking. These filled areas are also at risk of another earthquake -related hazard, called liquefaction, which causes soil to lose its structural integrity and can damage or destroy buildings or structures built on or in it. The last major earthquake in the region was the 2014 West Napa earthquake, with a magnitude of 6.0. Although strong enough to be felt in Redwood City, it did not do any substantive damage to the community. The magnitude 6.9 Loma Prieta earthquake in 1989 was strong enough to cause damage in Redwood City, including $3 million in damage to the old courthouse. The Great San Francisco Earthquake of 1906 (magnitude estimated at 7.9) also caused major damage in the community. The Third Annual California Earthquake Rupture Forecast identifies that the San Andreas Fault has more than a 16 percent chance of causing magnitude 6.7 or greater earthquake by 2044, and a 3 percent chance of creating a magnitude of 8.0 or greater earthquake during the same timeframe. The Hayward Fault has over a 20 percent chance of causing a 6.7+ earthquake by 2044, but a much smaller (less than a 10th of a percent) chance of causing an 8.0+ earthquake during the same period. 11