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tornadoes have been reported in San Mateo County since 1950, although none occurred in or near the City. All forms of severe weather are expected to continue in the City, particularly extreme heat. Due to climate change, the number of extreme heat days in the City is expected to rise from an average of four annually to 11-22 annually by the end of the century. High wind events are also projected to occur regularly in the City, although it is not yet clear how these incidents may be affected by climate change. Tornadoes will likely continue to occur in San Mateo County in rare instances. 2.2.8 WILDLAND AND URBAN FIRES In the City, fires may occur in the wildland urban interface (WUI) areas of the community with few large fires in the developed urban core (urban fires). Fires of any sort are highly dangerous, and often cause property damage, injury, and in some cases death. WUI fires are generally larger and more damaging, although urban fires may still cause significant impacts before they are extinguished. Beyond direct damage from the flames, smoke and air pollution from fires can cause respiratory illnesses, particularly for senior citizens, children, and other vulnerable persons. Fires can block transportation routes, causing congestion, and may cause utility outages by damaging associated infrastructure. In the City, the southern parts of the community near the Emerald Hills area are within a CAL FIRE designated "Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone" This area includes approximately six percent of the City's residents, and property values within this zone are estimated at approximately $1.6 billion. The risk for urban fires is generally the same throughout the community. Fires may be sparked accidentally by a number of sources, including lightning, vehicle crashes, accidental sparks from power tools, electrical faults, unattended fires or flame sources, or may be set deliberately (arson). State records identify nine wildfires that have occurred in San Mateo County. None have occurred in the City, although there are records of a wildfire that burned approximately 1,330 acres in nearby Portola Valley. Urban fires occur regularly in the community and are usually small-scale events, although more substantive ones have happened on occasion. Both wildland and urban fires are expected to occur in the City in the future. Urban fires will likely occur at similar rates, although improvements in building materials and other innovations may reduce the frequency of these events or cause them to be less damaging. Climate change is expected to increase the amount of land burned by wildfires throughout California. Near the City, the WUI areas between Pacifica, Hillsborough, and Half Moon Bay are expected to see the most significant increases 2.2.9 CIVIL UNREST Civil unrest refers to unlawful and sometimes violent acts carried out by groups of people with the intention of creating a public disturbance. It can take several forms, but may include rioting, unlawful protests, and similar disruptive behavior. It does not include peaceful and law-abiding protests. Civil unrest may be a response to government policy, legal decisions, or corporate actions, among others. At times, civil disturbance has a relatively minor impact, and may only cause small-scale inconveniences at specific 14