|
References
<br />1. Wang TW, Gentzke A, Sharapova S, Cullen KA, Ambrose BK, Jamal A.Tobacco Product Use Among Middle and High School Students -United States, 2011-
<br />2017. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2018;67:629-33.
<br />2. Cullen KA, Ambrose BK, Gentzke AS, Apelberg BJ, Jamal A. King BA. Notes from the Field: Increase in e-cigarette use and any tobacco product use among
<br />middle and high school students - United States, 2011-2018. MMWR Morbid Mortal Wkly Rep. 2018;67(45).
<br />3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Smoking `'& Tobacco. E-cigarettes shaped like USB flash drives: Information for parents. educators and
<br />health care providers. https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/infographics/youth/pdfs/e-cigarettes-usb-flash-508.pdf. Accessed October 22, 2018.
<br />4. Goniewicz ML, Hajek P. McRobbie H. Nicotine content of electronic cigarettes, its release in vapour and its consistency across batches: regulatory implica-
<br />tions. Addiction. 2014; 109(3)500-7.
<br />5. Marynak KL, Gammon DG, Rogers T, Coats EM, Singh T, King BA. Sales of nicotine-containing electronic cigarette products: United States, 2015. American
<br />Journal of Public Health. 2017; 107(5):702-705,
<br />6, U.S. Census Bureau. Annual estimates of the resident population by single year of age and sex for the United States: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2015. Washing-
<br />ton, DC: U.S. Census Bureau. Published 2016.
<br />7. Centers for Disease Contra[ and Prevention (CDC), U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Total at-risk experimenters and susceptible non-trier estimates:
<br />2015 NYTS dataset and codebook. Atlanta, GA: CDC. Updated 2015.
<br />8, Cheng T. Chemical evaluation of electronic cigarettes. Tobacco Control. 2014; 23:01417,
<br />9. Bein K, Leikauf GD. Acrolein-a pulmonary hazard. Molecular Nutrition '&Food Research. 2011;55(9):1342-1360,
<br />10 Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). Occupational Safety and Health Standards. Medical surveillance - Formaldehyde. Washington, DC:
<br />U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration. https://www.osha.gov/pls/cshaweb/owadisp.show-document?p tabte=STAN-
<br />DARDS'&p-id=10078. Accessed May 8, 2018.
<br />11. Allen J, Flanigan SS, LeBlanc M, et al. Flavoring chemicals in e-ouarettes: Diacetyl 2.3-pentanedione, and acetgm in a sample of 51 products, including
<br />fruit-. candy- cocktail- flavored e-cigarettes. Environ Health Perspect. 2016;124. https://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/15-10185/. Accessed March 27, 2018.
<br />12, Williams M, Vikarma[ A, Bozhilov K. Lin S, Talbot P Metal and silicate particles including nanopartides are present in electronic cigarette cartomizer Fluid
<br />and aerosol. PLoS One. 2013; 8(3):e57987.
<br />13. Olmedo P, Goessler W, Lando S, at at. Metal concentrations in e-cigarette liquid and aerosol samptes: the contribution of metallic coils. Environmental Health
<br />Perspectives (Online). 2018; 126(2),
<br />14. St Helen G, Havel C, Dempsey DA, Jacob P. Benowitz NL. Nicotine delivery, retention and pharmacokinetics from various electronic cigarettes. Addiction.
<br />2016;111(3), 535-544.
<br />15. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS). A Report of the Surgeon General: How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease: What It Means to You
<br />(Consumer Booklet). Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic
<br />Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 2010.
<br />16. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS). A Report of the Surgeon General. Preventing Tobacco Use among Youth and Young Adults. We
<br />Can Make the Next Generation Tobacco-Free (Consumer Booklet). Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control
<br />and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 2012.
<br />17. Vansickel AR, Eissenberg T. Electronic cigarettes: Effective nicotine delivery after acute administration. Nicotine n$ Tobacco Research. 2013; 15:267-270.
<br />18, Hecht SS, Cannella SG. Kotandeniya D, at aL Evaluation of toxicant and carcinogen metabolites in the urine of e-cigarette users versus cigarette smokers.
<br />Nicotine 0 Tobacco Research. 2015; 17(6):704-709,
<br />19. Adnaens K, Van Gucht D, Decterck P, BaeyensF. Effectiveness of the electronic cigarette: an eight-week Flemish study with six-month follow-up on smoking
<br />reduction, craving and experienced benefits and complaints. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2014; 11:1220-1248.
<br />20, Etter JF Levels of saliva cotinine in electronic cigarette users. Addiction. 2014; 109(5):825-829.
<br />21, Trehy ML, Ye W, Hadwiger ME, at at. Analysis of electronic cigarette cartridges, refit[ solutions, and smoke for nicotine and nicotine related impurities. Jour -
<br />nal of Liquid Chromatography Related Technology. 2011; 34:1442-1458.
<br />22, Trtchounian A. Talbot P Electronic nicotine delivery systems: is there a need for regulation? Tobacco Control. 2011; 20(1):47-52.
<br />23. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS). E-Cigarette UseAmong Youth and Young Adults: AReport of the surgeon General. Atlanta, GA:
<br />U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health
<br />Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 2016.
<br />24, England LJ, Aagaard K, Bloch M, at al. Developmental toxicity of nicotine: A transdisciplinary synthesis and implications for emerging tobacco products.
<br />Neuroscience 0 Biobehavioral Reviews, 2017; 72:176-189.
<br />25. Dwyer JB, McQuown SC, Lestie FM. The dynamic effects of nicotine on the developing brain. Pharmacology Bt Therapeutics. 2009; 122(2):125-39.
<br />26. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM). 2018. Public Health Conseouences of E-aoorettes. Washington, OC: The National
<br />Academies Press. Doi: https:Hdoi.org/l0.17226/24952.
<br />
|