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7.A. - Page 61 of 285 2019 Energy Efficiency Ordinance Cost-effectiveness Study water heater provides consistency in performance across all the equipment upgrade cases, even though hot water draws differ across the prototypes. 2.3 Package Development Three to four packages were evaluated for each prototype and climate zone, as described below. 1) Efficiency — Non -Preempted: This package uses only efficiency measures that don't trigger federal preemption issues including envelope, and water heating and duct distribution efficiency measures. 2) Efficiency — Equipment, Preempted: This package shows an alternative design that applies HVAC and water heating equipment that are more efficient than federal standards. The Reach Code Team considers this more reflective of how builders meet above code requirements in practice. 3) Efficiency & PV: Using the Efficiency — Non -Preempted Package as a starting point', PV capacity is added to offset most of the estimated electricity use. This only applies to the all -electric case, since for the mixed fuel cases, 100% of the projected electricity use is already being offset as required by 2019 Title 24, Part 6. 4) Efficiency & PV/Battery: Using the Efficiency & PV Package as a starting point, PV capacity is added as well as a battery system. 2.3.1 Solar Photovoltaics (PV) Installation of on-site PV is required in the 2019 residential code. The PV sizing methodology in each package was developed to offset annual building electricity use and avoid oversizing which would violate net energy metering (NEM) rules.' In all cases, PV is evaluated in CBECC-Res according to the California Flexible Installation (CFI) assumptions. The Reach Code Team used two options within the CBECC-Res software for sizing the PV system, described below. Analysis was conducted to determine the most appropriate sizing method for each package which is described in the results. • Standard Design PV —the same PV capacity as is required for the Standard Design case10 • Specify PV System Scaling — a PV system sized to offset a specified percentage of the estimated electricity use of the Proposed Design case 2.3.2 EnergyStorage torage (Batteries) A battery system was evaluated in CBECC-Res with control type set to "Time of Use" and with default efficiencies of 95% for both charging and discharging. The "Time of Use" option assumes batteries are charged anytime PV generation is greater than the house load but controls when the battery storage system discharges. During the summer months (July — September) the battery begins to discharge at the beginning of the peak period at a maximum rate until fully discharged. During discharge the battery first serves the house load but will ' In cases where there was no cost-effective Efficiency— Non -Preempted Package, the most cost-effective efficiency measures for that climate zone were also included in the Efficiency & PV Package in order to provide a combination of both efficiency and PV beyond code minimum. 9 NEM rules apply to the IOU territories only. "The Standard Design PV system is sized to offset the electricity use of the building loads which are typically electric in a mixed fuel home, which includes all loads except space heating, water heating, clothes drying, and cooking. H1. 2019-08-01 313