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6.A. - Page 73 of 251 Strategies and Actions Adaptation As noted earlier, the climate is changing rapidly. According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA): "The globally averaged temperature departure from average over land and ocean surfaces for 2019 was the second highest since record keeping began in 1880, according to NOAA scientists. December's combined global land and ocean surface temperature departure from average for 2019 was also second highest in the 140 -year record. In a separate analysis of global temperature data, WMO, NASA and Copernicus scientists determined 2019 to also be the second warmest year on record. Analyses from the United Kingdom Met Office ranked 2019 among the top three warmest years on record. For 2019, the average temperature across global land and ocean surfaces was 1.71'F (0.95°C) above the 20th century average. This was the second highest among all years in the 1880-2019 record and just 0.07°F (0.04°C) less than the record value set in 2016. The five warmest years have occurred since 2015; nine of the 10 warmest years have occurred since 2005. The year 1998 is the only 20th century year among the 10 warmest years on record."57 Even if we stopped emitting greenhouse gasses tomorrow, the climate would continue to change due to the length of the carbon cycle — the ability of the Earth to absorb excess carbon in the ocean and plants. Therefore, climate change is inevitable and our communities must plan to adapt to it. Adaptation planning is most effective at the local level. To develop its adaptation strategy, Redwood City will refer to the following integrated set of policies and tools: • California Adaptation Planning Guide from the California Office of Emergency Services (still in draft form: https://www.caloes.ca.gov/HazardMitigationSite/Documents/APG2-FINAL-PR-DRAFTAccessible. pdf) • Safeguarding California Plan: California's Climate Adaptation Strategy (2018 Update) • Cal -Adapt 2.0 (released October 2017 and updated regularly, most recently in January 2020) • California's Climate Change Assessment (most recently updated in 2018) • State of California General Plan Guidelines (updated periodically, most recently updated in 2017) • Adaptation Clearinghouse • State Hazard Mitigation (2018 Update) In addition, the County of San Mateo has embarked on a multi -sector adaptation strategy, Climate Ready SMC, to plan, assess, and implement strategies to address sea -level rise and flooding, changes in precipitation, extreme heat, and wildfires in San Mateo County.58 Redwood City plans to coordinate closely with the County on adaptation planning efforts. For more information on adaptation planning, see Appendix D or visit the Climate Ready SMC website: https://www.smcsustainability.org/climate-ready. City of Redwood City Climate Action Plan gy 378