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Flood leaks can trigger fire and explosion. Flood debris—such as broken bottles, wood, stones and walls—may cause injuries to those cleaning damaged buildings. Containers of hazardous chemicals may be buried under flood debris. Hazardous dust and mold can circulate through a building and be inhaled by those engaged in cleanup and restoration.  Mental stress and fatigue—People who live through a devastating flood can experience long-term psychological impact. The expense and effort required to repair flood-damaged homes places severe financial and psychological burdens on the people affected. Post-flood recovery can cause, anxiety, anger, depression, lethargy, hyperactivity, and sleeplessness. There is also a long-term concern among the affected that their homes can be flooded again in the future. Current loss estimation models such as Hazus are not equipped to measure public health impacts such as these. The best level of mitigation for these impacts is to be aware that they can occur, educate the public on prevention, and be prepared to deal with them in responding to flood events. 11.4.2 Property Hazus calculates losses to structures from flooding by looking at depth of flooding and type of structure. Using historical flood insurance claim data, Hazus estimates the percentage of damage to structures and their contents by applying established damage functions to an inventory. For this analysis, local data on facilities was used instead of the default inventory data provided with Hazus. Table 11-11 summarizes Hazus estimates of flood damage in the planning area. The debris estimate includes only structural debris and building finishes; it does not include additional debris that may result from a flood event, such as from trees, sediment, building contents, bridges, or utility lines. The 110,657 tons of estimated debris from a 1-percent-annual-chance flood event is enough to fill 4,426 25-ton trucks. Table 11-11. Estimated Impact of a Flood Event in the Planning Area Damage Type 100-Year Flood 500-Year Flood Structure Debris (Tons) 110,657 218,401 Buildings Impacted a 6,640 11,479 Total Value (Structure + Contents) Damaged $1,284,385,554 $2,844,179,068 Damage as % of Total Replacement Value 0.7% 1.5% a. “Impacted” means floodwater projected over the lowest floor. 11.4.3 Critical Facilities Estimated Damage Hazus was used to estimate the percent of damage to the building and contents of critical facilities, using depth/damage function curves. The results are summarized in Figure 11-6 and Figure 11-7. Impacts on Hazardous Materials During a flood event, containers holding hazardous materials can rupture and leak into the surrounding area. These facilities could release chemicals that cause cancer or other human health effects, significant adverse acute human health effects, or significant adverse environmental effects. 11-25