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18-7 Other Hazards of Interest  Meters and metering equipment—Meter stations are used on pipelines to measure the amount of product being received or delivered. Many pieces of specialized equipment in addition to the meters themselves are required at these facilities.  Remote or manually operated block and control valves—Pipelines contain numerous valves of many types, both on the pipeline itself and at stations, terminals, and tank farms.  Relief valves and other overpressure control devices—These devices are installed on a pipeline to prevent rupture of the pipeline due to unexpected pressure surges.  Tanks—Most pipeline systems include numerous aboveground storage tanks to store hazardous liquids. Tanks are equipped with level gauges that warn operators that the tank is near its maximum capacity. Instrumentation can fail and tanks can overfill, resulting in a spill of hazardous liquid to the environment. While extremely rare, catastrophic failures of storage tanks themselves have occurred.  Miscellaneous Components and Devices—Flanges, fittings, couplings, instrument tubing, gauges, thermowells, samplers, and chemical analyzers are among the pipeline components that can seep or leak (or very occasionally rupture). Regulations require that operators inspect mainline and other critical valves, inspect and test relief valves, and inspect breakout tanks periodically. Additionally, regulations require certain mitigative measures to be in place should a leak occur. For example, should a leak occur at a storage tank, the containment surrounding one or more tanks must have a free volume equivalent to the capacity of the largest tank. Facilities housing pumps must have alarm systems that warn of the buildup of hydrocarbons within the enclosed space. Regulations require that operators perform rigorous risk assessments of their most critical pipeline facilities in order to fully understand potential failure modes, likelihoods, and consequences, and to establish appropriate preventive and mitigative activities (U.S. Department of Transportation, 2021). 18.7 AIRCRAFT INCIDENTS Aircraft incidents are occurrences associated with the operation of an aircraft that takes place between the time any person boards the aircraft with the intention of flight and the time all such persons have disembarked, and in which any person suffers death or serious injury or the aircraft receives substantial damage (Cornell Law School, 2021). On July 6, 2013, Asiana Airlines Flight 214 from Incheon International Airport in South Korea, a Boeing 777- 200ER, crashed on final approach into San Francisco International Airport. Of the 307 people on board, 3 died and 187 were injured, 49 of them seriously. Among the seriously injured were four flight attendants who were thrown onto the runway while still strapped in their seats when the tail section broke off after striking the seawall short of the runway (National Transportation Safety Board, 2014).