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FROM : L;ICNRISTINR FRY( NO. : 6505089688 Jan. 28 2003 06:43PM P4 <br />quo -9 <br />chengca through municipal applications is shown in Figure 1. Today, technically proven <br />water reclamation or water purification processes exist to provide water of almost any <br />quality desired <br />vuawno d a' <br />unpaa,ae aeoewraa <br />sass ` wear <br />EsY <br />TITS "W&M lea secs, <br />y <br />Figure 1. Water quality changes during municipal vacs of water in a time <br />enyuence <br />/4 ealth risk assessment for watrr rouse ` <br />AoW to a king MUM of water reuse in Califbmia, the question ofaafsty of water teams is <br />i j A still' difScult to daf6ne and delineation of awspa able health risk bas been hotly debated. <br />I. Microbiological <br />Enteric viruses have received the most attention because of their low -does infoctivity, <br />long -term survival in the environment, monitoring difficulties, and the limited extent of <br />removal and inactivation that occurs in conventional wastewater%mounent <br />Hwlth risks associated with exposure to onwric viruses in reclaimed water were analyzed <br />using a quantitative microbial risk assessment approach in 1990s. Monitoring data from <br />four wastewater treatment faeilitias in California on enteric virus concentrations in <br />unchlorinated secondary etfluetu were used as baseline date for the risk analysis. To <br />assess potential beaith risks associated with the use of reclaimed water in various reuse <br />�tpplisati f ire sceneties were tested: (1) golf course irrigation, (2) food crop <br />irrigation, 3) recreational impomrtlments,jand (4) groundwater rschargc. <br />Q U I Because enteric vitas concentrations in unAlorinated secondary effluents were found to <br />very over a wide range, it was emential to characterize their variability. Two concepts <br />a rolated to the "&W of water reuse were used (1) the rdiability, defied as the <br />\` probability that the risk of infection does not exceed an acceptable risk, and (2) the <br />d n uxpecration, defined by specifyma an acceptable annual risk in which exposure to the <br />