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9 A 55 <br />included in federal gross income, possibly from the date of issuance of the Bonds. The opinion <br />of Bond Counsel assume compliance with these covenants. Bond Counsel has not undertaken <br />to determine (or to inform any person) whether any actions taken (or not taken) or events <br />occurring (or not occurring) after the date of issuance of the Bonds may affect the valuo of, or <br />the tax status of interest on tho Bonds. Further, no assurance can be given that pending or <br />future legislation or amendments to the Code, will not adversely affect the value of, or the tax <br />status of interest on, the Bonds. Prospective owners are urged to consult their own tax advisors <br />with respect to proposals to restructure the federal income tax. <br />Bond Counsel is further of the opinion that interest on the Bonds is not a specific <br />preference item for purposes of the federal individual or corporate alternative minimum taxes, <br />although Bond Counsel observes that it is included in adjusted current earnings in calculating <br />corporate alternative minimum taxable income. <br />Although Bond Counsel has rendered an opinion that interest on the Bonds is excluded <br />from federal gross income, and is exempt from State of California personal income taxes, the <br />ownership or disposition of the Bonds, and the accrual or receipt of interest on the Bonds may <br />otherwise affect an Owner's state or federal tax liability. The nature and extent of these other <br />tax consequences will depend upon each Owner's particular tax status and the Owner's other <br />items of income or deduction. Bond Counsel expresses no opinion regarding any such other tax <br />consequences. <br />Legal Opinion <br />Nossaman, Guthner, Knox & Elliott, LLP, Irvine, California, will render an opinion with <br />respect to the validity of the Bonds in substantially the form set forth in Appendix C hereto. <br />Copies of such approving opinion will be available at the time of delivery of the Bonds. <br />Jones Hall, A Professional Law Corporation, San Francisco, is serving as Disclosure <br />Counsel to the Agency. <br />Ratings <br />The Bonds have received the rating of " " and " by Standard & <br />Poor's Ratings Services, a Division of The McGraw -Hill Companies ( "S &P ") and Moody's <br />Investors Service ( "Moody's "), respectively, with the understanding that upon execution and <br />delivery of the Bonds the Policy insuring the payment when due of the principal and interest on <br />the Bonds will be issued by Insurer. Such ratings reflect only the views of such organizations <br />and an explanation of the significance of such rating may be obtained from S&P and Moody's. <br />The rating issued reflects only the view of such rating agency, and any explanation of the <br />significance of such rating should be obtained from such rating agency. There is no assurance <br />that such rating will be retained for any given period of time or that they will not be revised <br />downward or withdrawn entirely by such rating agency if, in the judgment of such rating <br />agency, circumstances so warrant. Any such downward revision or withdrawal of any rating <br />obtained may have an adverse effect on the market price of the Bonds. <br />The Authority <br />The City of Redwood City Public Financing Authority is a joint powers authority, <br />organized under a Joint Exercise of Powers Agreement, dated as of June 18, 1991. The <br />Agreement was entered into under the provisions of Articles 1, 2 and 4, Chapter 5, Division 7, <br />Title 1 of the California Government Code (the "JPA Lawl. The Authority was created for the <br />primary purpose of assisting the financing or refinancing of public capital improvements of the <br />-37- <br />