AgdaPkt 2016-02-22 Closed and Interview and Joint SA PFA

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APPENDICES City of Redwood City, Public Works Division Initial Study & Mitigated Negative Declaration 12 Blankinship & Associates, Inc. COPPER Persistence: Hydrolysis – Not Applicable, Not Available Photodegradation in water – Not Applicable, Not Available Photodegradation on soil – Not Applicable, Not Available Aerobic soil metabolism – Not Applicable, Not Available Anaerobic aquatic metabolism – Not Applicable, Not Available Terrestrial Field Dissipation – Not Available Physical Properties Water Solubility: Copper Sulfate: 230.5 g/kg (25ºC) (Tomlin 2002) Volatility: Not Volatile (Tomlin 2002) Octanol/Water Partitioning Not Available Coefficient (Kow) (Kow > 100 indicates EPA may require Fish Bioaccumulation Test) Bioaccumulation Edwards et al. 1998 The uptake of copper in common nettle (Urtica dioica) and earthworms (Eisenia fetida) from a contaminated dredge spoil was measured. In the aerial portions of the common nettle, the biological absorption coefficient (concentration in plant tissue ÷ concentration in soil) was 0.072 to 0.265. In root tissue, the biological absorption coefficient was 0.075 to 0.303. To determine the uptake of copper in earthworms, contaminated soil was brought into the laboratory and earthworms introduced for 28 days. Soil copper levels were 16 times higher in the contaminated soil than in control soil, but the concentrations in the earthworms only differed by 2.6 times. The earthworms did absorb copper from the contaminated soils, but not to an extent reflecting the level of contamination. Gintenreiter et al. 1993 Copper concentrations in the tissues of the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) increased from earlier to later developmental stages, but the trend was not smooth. Fourth instars showed a decrease when compared to 3rd instars, and adults had lower concentrations than pupae. Concentration factors were 2 to 5. Copper concentrations were passed from one generation to the next. Gomot and Pihan 1997 Bioconcentration of copper was evaluated in two subspecies of land snails, Helix aspersa aspersa and Helix aspersa maxima. These snails showed a tendency to accumulate copper in excess of the amount available from its diet. The subspecies exhibited different bioconcentration factors for different tissues. For the foot, H. a. aspersa had factors ranging from 2.3 to 13.2, whereas H. a. maxima had factors ranging from 1.7 to 10.2. For the viscera, H. a. aspersa had factors ranging from 2.1 to 9.1, whereas H. a. maxima had factors ranging from 1.9 to 9.0. Differences in the bioconcentration factor appear to be more related to the other components of the diet, not the copper concentration in the diet. Gomot de Vaufleury and Pihan 2000 Copper concentrations were measured in terrestrial snails (Helix aspersa). Differences were demonstrated among laboratory and field values. However, no soil or vegetation samples for the laboratory and field sites were analyzed for copper, so it is not possible to determine whether copper was accumulated at rates above background or whether they reflect some fraction of background levels. 6.3.A. - Page 81