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9.A. - Page 12 /City 2016 Public Health Goal Report <br /> What Consumers can do to Decrease Lead Exposure <br /> Listed below are some measures consumers can take to reduce exposure to lead: <br /> • Have household water tested for lead. <br /> • Find out whether household pipes contain lead or lead solder. <br /> • Run household water for 15-30 seconds or until it becomes cold before using it for <br /> drinking or cooking; this flushes any standing lead from the pipes. <br /> • Avoid cooking with or drinking water from the hot water tap; lead dissolves more <br /> easily into hot water. <br /> • Avoid boiling water to remove lead; excessive boiling of water makes the lead more <br /> concentrated —the lead remains when the water evaporates. <br /> • Replace old fixtures or faucets used for drinking or cooking with new fixtures <br /> manufactured and sold in California after January 2010 <br /> HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM <br /> Chromium is a naturally occurring inorganic element that is used in many industrial <br /> processes. For decades, both the USEPA and California have enforced limits for total <br /> chromium, which includes trivalent, hexavalent, and other forms of the element. In 2001, <br /> California rescinded its PHG for total chromium (25 parts per billions [ppb]). In 2011, <br /> California established a PHG for hexavalent chromium (Cr6) of 0.2 ppb. In 2014, California <br /> published the first enforceable Cr6 standard in the nation: the state MCL of 10 ppb, with a <br /> DLR of 1 ppb. The PHG is one-five hundredth of the MCL. <br /> The USEPA recently included Cr6 in Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule Part 3 <br /> (UCMR 3), which required public water systems serving over 10,000 people to monitor Cr6 <br /> for one year between 2013 and 2015. The USEPA is also working to issue its final human <br /> health risk assessment for Cr6, which might lead to the adoption of federal standards for <br /> Cr6. However, as of this writing, the USEPA has no standards for Cr6. <br /> Redwood City detected Cr6 in the water at the water supply source and in the distribution <br /> system in 2014 and 2015, when sampling water in accordance with the UCMR 3. Cr6 was <br /> detected in 6 of 8 samples analyzed using the detection limit required by UCMR 3 (0.03 <br /> ppb). The highest concentration detected was 0.05 ppb, well below both the MCL of 10 ppb <br /> and the DLR of 1 ppb, and above the PHG of 0.02 ppb. <br /> The maximum concentrations detected at each compliance monitoring location are <br /> presented in the following table. <br /> 2014, 2015 Hexavalent Chromium Monitoring Results <br /> Sample Location Avg. Level Min. Level Max. Level <br /> Detected Detected Detected <br /> SFWD Intertie 0.03 ppb 0 ppb 0.05 ppb <br /> Distribution System 0.03 ppb 0 ppb 0.04 ppb <br /> 6 <br />