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6.1.E. - Page 19 While all children and adults can be victims of secondhand smoke, nonsmokers in some communities are at an elevated risk of exposure. 19 For example, more than 45 percent of Black nonsmokers are exposed to SHS, in contrast with 23.9 percent of Hispanic Americans and 21.8 percent of non -Hispanic White nonsmokers. In addition, 43.2 percent of nonsmokers with incomes below the poverty level are exposed to SHS. Secondhand Smoke Infiltration in Multiunit Housing (MUH) Since Americans spend almost two-thirds of their lives in their residences, nonsmokers living in multiunit properties are at elevated risk of exposure to secondhand smoke. 20 The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports that secondhand smoke can enter living spaces from other units and/or common areas through ventilation systems, walls, electrical outlets, open windows, or hallways.21 The Center for Social Gerontology's 2006 report explains the problem further: The health hazards of tobacco smoke are magnified in the close living quarters of those who live in multi -family dwellings... Tobacco smoke travels from its point of generation in a building to all other areas of the building. It has been shown to move through light fixtures, through ceiling crawl spaces, and into and out of doorways. Once exposed, building occupants are at risk for irritant, allergic, acute and chronic cardiopulmonary and carcinogenic adverse health effects. 22 Smoke Residue ("Thirdhand smoke") Thirdhand smoke (THS) is the toxic particulate residue from smoke that clings to walls, fabrics, carpets, and other furnishings, lingering on surfaces after active smoking has ceased .2' Arsenic, lead, cyanide, and other carcinogens in thirdhand smoke can be absorbed through inhalation or skin contact, affecting both people and pets. 24 18 "CDC Vital Signs. Secondhand Smoke: An Unequal Danger. February 2015," Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website, accessed June 7, 2018. hyps://www.cdc.gov/vitalsigi�s/pdF2Ol5-02-vitalsigns.pdf 19 «Secondhand Smoke (SHS) Facts." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website, accessed June 7, 2018. hyj2s://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data statistics/fact sheets/secondhand smoke/general_facts/index.htm 20 King et al., "Secondhand Smoke Transfer in Multiunit Housing." Nicotine & Tobacco Research. November 2010. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.govL/pmc/articles/PMC3436457/pdf/n!g 162.pdf 21 "Ventilation Does Not Effectively Protect Nonsmokers From Secondhand Smoke," Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website, accessed June 7, 2018. https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data statistics/fact sheets/secondhand smoke/protection/ventilation/index.htm 22 Schoenmarklin, Susan, Esq. Memorandum: Analysis of the Voluntary and Legal Options of Condominium Owners Confronted with Secondhand Smoke from another Condominium Unit. Smoke -Free Environments Law Project. The Center for Social Gerontology, Inc. Anne Arbor, MI. May 2006. http://www.tcsj4.orWsfelp/memo 06.pdf 23 "California Consortium for Thirdhand Smoke," University of California San Francisco. Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education website, accessed June 7, 2018. haps://tobacco.ucsf.edu/california-consortium-thirdhand-smoke 24 `Be Smoke-free and Help Your Pets Live Longer, Healthier Lives," U.S. Food and Drug Administration website, accessed June 7, 2018. https://www.fda.gov/AnimalVeterinary/ResourcesforYou/AnimalHealthLiteracy/ucm520415.htm 2017-2018 San Mateo County Civil Grand Jury