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D.1 Active Shooter/Violent Intruder <br />An active shooter/violent intruder event is an incident in which a person (or less commonly, multiple <br />people) is actively killing or attempting to kill people within a specific area. The perpetrator(s) may <br />use firearms, bladed weapons, explosives, or other weapons to carry out the attack. <br />Situation and Assumptions <br />The perpetrator may or may not have a connection to the selected location. In most cases, the <br />perpetrator selects victims randomly rather than targeting specific individuals. <br />Active shooter/violent intruder events may occur anywhere, although they are more common in <br />offices, institutions (e.g. schools or hospitals), malls or other major commercial centers, and public <br />gathering spaces. <br />Active shooter/violent intruder events can be over very quickly, often 10 to 15 minutes, and <br />approximately half of such incidents are resolved by the time emergency responders arrive. Less <br />commonly, an active shooting/violent intruder incident may develop into a hostage situation. Some <br />active shooter/violent intruder events may be considered acts of terror. <br />According to a study of active shootings/violent intruder events involving firearms in the U.S., active <br />shooting/violent intruder incidents most commonly end when the attacker commits suicide (40%), or <br />law enforcement officers kill or subdue the attacker (29%). Some attacks end when the victims kill or <br />subdue the attacker (19%). In more rare instances, the attacker may surrender to law enforcement (7%) <br />or attempt to flee (5%). Note that in cases where the perpetrator committed suicide, 62% did so before <br />law enforcement arrived. <br />An active shooter/violent intruder event may cause one or more of the following direct impacts on <br />Redwood City: <br />• Substantive injuries or death to community members. <br />• Property damage, including potentially significant damage if explosives were involved. <br />• Road congestion from the need to establish barricades for the purpose of isolating the scene <br />of the incident. <br />Concept of Operations <br />Active shooter/violent intruder events primarily fall under the purview of the Redwood City Police <br />Department. The Police Department, and other City departments that may need to be involved, may <br />be able to act independently within their normal operating procedures to respond to the active <br />shooter/violent intruder incident. Depending on the scope and other characteristics of the incident, <br />the response may require central coordination, leading to the activation of the EOC. If the EOC is <br />activated, response activities will be guided by the EOP. The EOC, if activated, will be responsible for <br />primary direction and control for the duration of the event. Refer to the Concept of Operations section <br />in the Basic Plan for general information about the role of the EOC. <br />D-2 <br />