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outbreaks that are caused by subtypes of influenza viruses that already circulate among people. Seasonal influenza occurs routinely worldwide each year, causing an average of 36,000 deaths annually in the US. Pandemic outbreaks are caused by entirely new virus subtypes to which the population has no immunity because the subtype has either never circulated or has not circulated for a long time. During the last century, there were three influenza pandemics. The influenza pandemic of 1918 was especially severe, killing a large number of young, otherwise healthy adults. That pandemic caused more than 500,000 deaths in the US and an estimated 40 million deaths around the world. Subsequent pandemics in 1957-58 and 1968-69 caused far fewer fatalities in the US: 70,000 and 34,000 deaths respectively but caused significant illness and death around the world. San Mateo County was part of a statewide Presidential Disaster Declaration on April 28, 2009 for the H1N1 influenza outbreak. On October 23, 2009, the President declared a national emergency as a result of the potential impact on health care resources due to the H1N1 Influenza pandemic. The declaration of a national public health emergency freed up federal assets, such as the Strategic National Stockpile and vaccines, for expedited delivery to states requesting these assets. However, no federal funding was made available to states for responding to this emergency. Several characteristics of an influenza pandemic differentiate it from other public health emergencies. Foremost, it has the potential to cause illness in a very large number of people, overwhelming the health care system throughout the nation. A pandemic outbreak could also jeopardize essential community services by causing high levels of absenteeism in critical positions in every workforce. Basic services, such as health care, law enforcement, fire, emergency response, communications, transportation, and utilities could be disrupted during a pandemic. Finally, a pandemic, unlike many other emergency events, will last for months rather than days or weeks, disrupting supply chains for items such as food, water, and other essential provisions. The likelihood of a Pandemic over the next 50 years is high. The severity and affects are difficult to predict. 2.2.14 CYBER SECURITY ATTACK A cyberattack is deliberate exploitation of computer systems, technology -dependent enterprises and networks. Cyberattacks use malicious code to alter computer code, logic or data, resulting in disruptive consequences that can compromise data and lead to cybercrimes, such as information and identity theft. Cyberattack is also known as a computer network attack. Cyberattacks may include the following consequences: • Identity theft, fraud, extortion • Malware, pharming, phishing, spamming, spoofing, spyware, Trojans and viruses • Stolen hardware, such as laptops or mobile devices • Denial -of -service and distributed denial -of -service attacks Breach of access • Password sniffing • System infiltration 17