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6.D. - Page 15 of 30 <br />increased incentives if located within a California disadvantaged community census tract.23 <br />Current rebate statistics are available on the website of the Center for Sustainable Energy <br />(CSE).24 <br />Why Now is the Time to Convert Government Fleets to ZEVs <br />Even those cities whose Climate Action Plans include proposed electric vehicle fleet <br />procurement policies have not fully implemented them (see Table 1, last column vs. # of Fleet <br />Vehicles). San Carlos, for example, has a strong and specific policy but has purchased no electric <br />vehicles. In this report, the Grand Jury has not investigated the specific reasons each city may <br />have for not implementing electric vehicle procurement policies. The following section reviews <br />the general obstacles that local governments have encountered in the past and their current status <br />in 2019. <br />"The California Air Resources Board first adopted the ZEV mandate in 1990 as part of the Low - <br />Emission Vehicle regulation... whose goals were to accelerate industry investment in ZEV <br />technology, discourage industry procrastination, establish initial supply chains, and signal to the <br />many related companies and governments that they should be engaging sooner and more deeply <br />with the transition to ZEVs. ,25 This was 18 years before the first commercially successful ZEV <br />was sold to the public. 26,27 <br />In 2013, the National Research Council identified the main obstacles to public adoption of ZEVs <br />as: <br />• Lack of Customer Knowledge about ZEVs, <br />• High Purchase Price, <br />• Limited Driving Range, <br />• Limited Model Choice, <br />• Lack of Dealer/Mechanic Knowledge about ZEVs, <br />• Lack of Charging Infrastructure, <br />• Lack of Standardization of Charging Infrastructure, and <br />• Lack of Access to 100 percent Renewable Electricity.28 <br />Since 2013, many of these obstacles have been greatly reduced. Several more ZEV models have <br />been introduced to the market and costs have come down to a large extent due to a significant <br />23 According to Get Healthy San Mateo County, November 2017 Newsletter, "Implications of the Planning for <br />Healthy Communities Act for San Mateo County", portions of East Palo Alto, Redwood City, South San Francisco, <br />Millbrae, San Bruno and unincorporated North Fair Oaks are "disadvantaged community census tracts. <br />https://www. aethealthysmc.orWnewsletter/november-2017-newsletter <br />24 CVRP Rebate Statistics Webpage <br />21 Scott Hardman, et al., "Driving the Market for Plug-in Vehicles: Understanding ZEV Mandates". <br />,https://phev.ucdavis. edu/wp-contegt/uploads/zev-mandates-policy-"ide.pdf <br />26 U.S. Department of Energy, "The History of the Electric Car", September 2014. <br />https://www.energy.gov/articles/history-electric-car <br />21 Tesla website, "About Tesla", hgps://www.tesla.com/about <br />26 National Research Council, "Overcoming Barriers to Electric -Vehicle Deployment", 2013. <br />http: //gabrielse.physics.harvard. edu/gabrielse/papers/2013 /Overcomin,gB arriersToElectricVehicleDeployment.pdf <br />2018-2019 San Mateo County Civil Grand Jury 8 <br />85 <br />