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INDOOR NITROGEN DIOXIDE, GAS COOKING AND ASTHMA 1733 <br />Table 3 Random effects meta-analysis and univariate meta -regression of studies on gas cooking and wheeze stratified by <br />age, study region, proportion of gas cooking and year of publication <br />"Ratios of odds ratios are ratios of the odds ratio from studies with the characteristic divided by the odds ratio from studies of the <br />reference category and were calculated from coefficients of meta -regression b as exp(b). Ratios above 1.0 indicate a larger odds <br />ratio for studies with the characteristic. <br />tfriformation on proportion of gas cooking was unavailable in three studies (Garrett et al, 1998; Samet et al. 1993; Zacharasiewicz <br />et al. 1999). <br />`All (current+lifetime). <br />Number <br />Summary odds <br />12 (heterogeneity <br />Ratio of odds <br />of studies <br />ratio (95% Cl) <br />P -value) <br />ratios (95% Cr)a <br />Current wheeze <br />Age of participants <br />_<6 year <br />4 <br />1.16 (1.03-1.30) <br />3.7% (0.386) <br />1.00 (ref) <br />6-10 years <br />11 <br />1.05 (0.96-1.15) <br />32.6% (0.129) <br />0.90 (0.70-1.17) <br />>10 years <br />7 <br />102 (0.86-1,21) <br />68.5% (0.001) <br />0.88 (0.67-1.16) <br />Study region <br />Europe <br />9 <br />1,07 (0.97-1.18) <br />48.7% (0.035) <br />1,00 (rcf) <br />o <br />North America <br />6 <br />0.96 (0.78-1.19) <br />61.3% (0.008) <br />0.92 (0.72-1,18) <br />Asia-Pacific <br />7 <br />1.14 (0.99-131) <br />47.9% (0.074) <br />1.08 (0t85-1.37) <br />0 <br />o. <br />Proportion of gas cooking <br />o. <br /><30% <br />4 <br />0.91 (0.73-1.14) <br />49.4% (0.079) <br />1.00 (ref) <br />� <br />_>30% <br />IS <br />1,o9 (1,01-1.18) <br />49.2% (0-008) <br />1.16 (0.95-1.42) <br />Publication year <br />m <br />Before 2000 <br />11 <br />1.08 (0.98-1.19) <br />52.5% (0.014) <br />1.00 (ref) <br />W <br />2000 or later <br />11 <br />1.06 (0.93-1.20) <br />50.7% (0.015) <br />0.96 (0.81-1.14) <br />m <br />Lifetime wheeze <br />3 <br />n <br />Age of Participants <br />0 <br />_<6 years <br />1 <br />0.174 (0.64-1.I0) <br />- <br />1.00 (refl <br />o <br />6-10 years <br />1 <br />1.09 (0.76-1.67) <br />- <br />130 (0.62-2.69) <br />>10 years <br />4 <br />1,08 (0.92-1.26) <br />0.0% (0.890) <br />1.28 (0.78-2.12) <br />Z <br />Study region <br />7L <br />Europe <br />3 <br />7.08 (0.93-127) <br />0.0% (0.990) <br />1.00 (ref) <br />d <br />North Antcdcn <br />3 <br />091 (074-1,B) <br />00%(0.441) <br />0.84(0.58-1.22) <br />Q <br />rt <br />Asia-Pacific <br />0 <br />- <br />- <br />- <br />Proportion of gas (ooking" <br />U <br /><30% <br />t <br />1.09 (0.76-1.57) <br />- <br />1.00 (rel) <br />rn <br />->30% <br />4 <br />1 08 (0.92-1.26) <br />0.0% (0.890) <br />0.99 (0.52-1.88) <br />A <br />Publication year <br />Before 2000 <br />3 <br />0.91 ((.74-I.13) <br />0.0% (0.441) <br />1.00 (ref) <br />w <br />2000 or later <br />3 <br />1.08 (10.93-1.27) <br />0.0% (0,990) <br />1.19 (0.82-1.73) <br />Q <br />All wheeze'- <br />2 <br />Age of partldpanis <br />m <br />_<6 years <br />5 <br />1.70 (0t93-1.29) <br />44.3% (0.1 10) <br />1.00 (re[) <br />0 <br />� <br />is- 10 years <br />12 <br />1.05 (0.97-1.I5) <br />267l (0.175) <br />0.96 (0.78-1.I8) <br />N <br />°J <br />>IO years <br />11 <br />1.04 (0.92-1.I7) <br />55.8% (O.00G) <br />0.95 (0.77-1.18) <br />N <br />a <br />Study region <br />Europe <br />12 <br />1.07 ((r99 -I.15) <br />34.0% (0.103) <br />1.00 (ref) <br />North America <br />9 <br />0.97 (0.82-1.13) <br />532% (0.015) <br />0.92 (0.77 710) <br />o_ <br />Asia-Pacific <br />7 <br />1.14 (0.99-131) <br />479% (0.074) <br />106 (0.88-1.27) <br />as <br />Proportion of gas cooking' <br /><30% <br />6 <br />0.94 (0.78-1.14) <br />43.0% (0-104) <br />1.00 (ref) <br />X30% <br />20 <br />1.09 (1.01-1.16) <br />39.1% (0.030) <br />1.14 (0.96-1.34) <br />Publication year <br />Before 2000 <br />14 <br />1.06 (0.97-1.16) <br />48.1% (0.017) <br />1.00 (rcf) <br />2000 or later <br />14 <br />1.06 (096-1.17) <br />40.3% (0.044) <br />0.98 (0B6-1.13) <br />"Ratios of odds ratios are ratios of the odds ratio from studies with the characteristic divided by the odds ratio from studies of the <br />reference category and were calculated from coefficients of meta -regression b as exp(b). Ratios above 1.0 indicate a larger odds <br />ratio for studies with the characteristic. <br />tfriformation on proportion of gas cooking was unavailable in three studies (Garrett et al, 1998; Samet et al. 1993; Zacharasiewicz <br />et al. 1999). <br />`All (current+lifetime). <br />