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88 Page 54 Screening Technology The sorting effectiveness of the screens is a driving factor in the MRF equipment selection. The screens systems (ONP screens and fiber/container separation screens) are the key sorting machinery of a single stream processing system. The screening technology has made single stream separation possible by lowering labor requirements. The primary factors in the screen's effectiveness are the size of the screen and the type of disc used in the screen. The width of the screen primarily affects its production capacity (tons per hour) while the length of the screen has a major impact upon the effectiveness of the separation or recovered product quality. Optical Sorting Technology Optical sorting technology is relatively new to the recycling industry. Recent advancements in optical technology applied to single-stream processing have produced exponential improvements in the quantity and quality of recovered recyclable materials, have reduced labor costs, increased material value, and aided in meeting stringent product quality requirements. Optical recognition technology uses special cameras to identify the chemical make~up of the different recyclable materials and separate them by material type. The effectiveness of optical sorting technology results from a three~fold process of; 1) Presentation, 2) Recognition, and 3) Recovery. First, the optical system must present a relatively clean- stream to the optical devise. Second, the system must identify or recognize the target material and send a signal to the recovery devise: Third, the recovery device must apply a precise blast of air to eject the target material. System Design and Materials Handling The durability of the system's support structure and its conveyor design are vital to a system's longevity and low maintenance costs. The gauge of steel used in construction, the size of conveyor head and tail shafts and roller chain, the size and frequency of conveyor reinforcement (stiffeners), and the application of bolt-up versus welded construction are all important to the long-term function and dependable service of the system. Bulk Handling Systems (BHS) V5. Van DyklBollegraaf (VDB) Each proposer is firmly dedicated to their choice of equipment vendor and their respective MRF operating and cost proposals are predicated upon the unique operating characteristics of the proposed systems. Both HBC and SBR have provided thoughtful defenses for their respective equipment vendor choices. BHS and VDS are solid equipment manufacturers and they have both provided good rationale for the engineering and design of their proposed systems (for instance; it is generally considered that BHS builds a heavier, beefier equipment package, yet VDB claims that their superior engineering reduces the need for, and the inefficiency of, girth. VDB advocates for the liberal application of optical sorting technology, yet BHS claims that their screens are so effective that multiple optical units are not necessary). While there are strengths and weaknesses of each equipment manufacturers systems (there are so many operating variables that a genuinely objective, side-by-side comparison of systems; screen to screen, eddy to eddy, conveyor to conveyor, optics to optics is not impossible). In the final analysis, both companies engineer and manufacture excellent equipment and either system will meet SBWMA's needs and the short list selection decision should not heavily weight the equipment manufacturer in the selection process. SBWMA - EC Report Page 30 1/15/2009