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2021 Multijurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Definitions/Acronyms flood—The inundation of normally dry land resulting from the rising and overflowing of a body of water. FRA—Federal Responsibility Area freeboard—The margin of safety added to the base flood elevation. frequency—How often a hazard of specific magnitude, duration, and/or extent is expected to occur on average. Statistically, a hazard with a 100-year frequency is expected to occur about once every 100 years on average and has a 1 percent chance of occurring any given year. Frequency reliability varies depending on the type of hazard considered. Fujita scale of tornado intensity—Scale for rating tornado wind speeds, estimated on the basis of damage sustained. The scale rates the intensity or severity of tornado events using numeric values from F0 to F5 based on tornado wind speed and damage. An F0 tornado (wind speed less than 73 miles per hour (mph)) indicates minimal damage (such as broken tree limbs), and an F5 tornado (wind speeds of 261 to 318 mph) indicates severe damage. g—Gravity (%g, percent acceleration force of gravity) geographic information system (GIS)—A computer software application that relates data regarding physical and other features on the earth to a database for mapping and analysis. goal—A general guideline that explains what is to be achieved. Goals are usually broad-based, long-term, policy-type statements and represent global visions. Goals help define the benefits that a plan is trying to achieve. The success of a hazard mitigation plan is measured by the degree to which its goals have been met (that is, by the actual benefits in terms of actual hazard mitigation). greenhouse gases—Methane, nitrous oxide and other gases that trap heat and warm the Earth, as a greenhouse traps heat from the sun. ground shaking—The result of rapid ground acceleration caused by seismic waves passing beneath buildings, roads, and other structures. hazard—A source of potential danger or adverse condition that could harm people and/or cause property damage. hazardous material—A substance or combination of substances (biological, chemical, radiological, and/or physical) that, because of its quantity, concentration, or physical, chemical or infectious characteristics, has the potential to cause harm to humans, animals, or the environment, either by itself or through interaction with other factors. Hazards U.S. Multi-Hazard Loss Estimation Program (Hazus)—A GIS-based program used to support the development of risk assessments as required under the DMA. The Hazus software program assesses risk in a quantitative manner to estimate damage and losses associated with natural hazards. HIFLD—Homeland Infrastructure Foundation-Level Data high-hazard dam—Dams that can cause loss of human life from the failure or improper operation of the dam. HMI—Hazard Mitigation Insurance IBC—International Building Code intensity—The measure of the effects of a hazard. inventory—The assets identified in a study region comprise an inventory. Inventories include assets that could be lost when a disaster occurs and community resources are at risk. Assets include people, buildings, transportation, and other valued community resources. IPCC—Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IRC—International Residential Code ISO— Insurance Services Office IT—Information Technology IUCN—International Union for Conservation of Nature LiMWA—Limit of Moderate Wave Action liquefaction— Loosely packed, water-logged sediments losing their strength in response to strong shaking, causing major damage during earthquakes. local government—Any county, municipality, city, town, township, public authority, school district, special district, intrastate district, council of governments (regardless of whether the council of governments is incorporated as a nonprofit corporation under State law), regional or interstate government entity, or agency or instrumentality of a local government; any Indian tribe or authorized tribal organization, or Alaska Native village or organization; and any rural community, unincorporated town or village, or other public entity. LRA—Local responsibility area magnitude—The measure of the strength of an earthquake. MCE—Maximum credible earthquake meteorological drought—Precipitation at levels below normal over a period of time. Meteorological measurements are the first indicators of drought and are usually region-specific. mitigation actions—Specific actions to achieve goals and objectives that minimize the effects from a disaster and reduce the loss of life and property. mitigation—A preventive action taken in advance of an event to reduce or eliminate risk to life or property. MM—Modified Mercalli Scale mph—Miles per hour Mw— Moment Magnitude Scale N/A—Not applicable NASA—National Aeronautics and Space Administration Nature Based Solutions—defined by IUCN as “actions to protect, sustainably manage, and restore natural or xv