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2021 Multijurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Definitions/Acronyms modified ecosystems, that address societal challenges effectively and adaptively, simultaneously providing human well-being and biodiversity benefits”. NCEI—National Centers for Environmental Information NEHRP—National Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program NFIP—National Flood Insurance Program NFPA— National Fire Protection Association NMDC—National Drought Mitigation Center NOAA—National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NWS—National Weather Service OCOF—Our Coast, Our Future ONI—Ocean Niño Index pandemic—An epidemic of infectious disease that has spread through human populations across a large region, multiple continents, or worldwide. PCB—Polychlorinated biphenyls peak ground acceleration (PGA)—A measure of the highest amplitude of ground shaking that accompanies an earthquake, based on a percentage of the force of gravity. PG&E—Pacific Gas and Electric PGA—Peak Ground Acceleration ppm—Part per million preparedness—Actions that strengthen the capability of government, people, and communities to respond to disasters. probability of occurrence—A statistical measure or estimate of the likelihood that a hazard will occur. This probability is generally based on past hazard events in the area and a forecast of events that could occur in the future. A probability factor based on yearly values of occurrence is used to estimate probability of occurrence. PTWC—Pacific Tsunami Warning Center radiological incidents—An incident involving radioactive materials that can occur wherever radioactive materials are used, stored, or transported. RCRA—Resource Conservation and Recovery Act repetitive loss property—Any NFIP-insured property that, since 1978 and regardless of any changes of ownership during that period, has experienced—Four or more paid flood losses in excess of $1000.00; or two paid flood losses in excess of $1000.00 within any 10-year period since 1978; or three or more paid losses that equal or exceed the current value of the insured property. Recurrence Interval —The recurrence interval (sometimes called the return period) is based on the probability that the given event will be equaled or exceeded in any given year. risk assessment—The process of measuring potential loss of life, personal injury, economic injury, and property damage resulting from hazards. This process assesses the vulnerability of people, buildings, and infrastructure to hazards risk ranking—Process to score and rank hazards based on the probability that they will occur and the impact they will have if they do. risk—The estimated impact that a hazard would have on people, services, facilities, and structures in a community. Risk measures the likelihood of a hazard occurring and resulting in an adverse condition that causes injury or damage. Risk is often expressed in relative terms such as a high, moderate, or low likelihood of sustaining damage above a particular threshold due to occurrence of a specific type of hazard. Risk also can be expressed in terms of potential monetary losses associated with the intensity of the hazard. riverine—Of or produced by a river. Riverine floodplains have readily identifiable channels. Robert T. Stafford Act—The statutory authority for most federal disaster response activities, especially as they pertain to FEMA and its programs (Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act, Public Law 100-107). Signed into law November 23, 1988; amended by the Disaster Relief Act of 1974 (Public Law 93-288). SCADA—Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition SEMS—Standardized Emergency Management System SFHA—Special Flood Hazard Area SFPUC—San Francisco Public Utilities Commission significant-hazard dam—Dams that can cause economic loss, environmental damage or disruption of lifeline facilities, or can impact other concerns, but not necessarily loss of life. SoVI— Social Vulnerability Index Social Vulnerability—Social vulnerability refers to potential harm to people. It involves a combination of factors that determine the degree to which someone’s life and livelihood are put at risk by a discrete and identifiable event in nature or in society. special flood hazard area—The base floodplain delineated on a Flood Insurance Rate Map. The SFHA is mapped as a Zone A in riverine situations and zone V in coastal situations. The SFHA may or may not encompass all of a community’s flood problems SPI—Standardized Precipitation Index SRA—State responsibility area stakeholder—Business leaders, civic groups, academia, non-profit organizations, major employers, managers of critical facilities, farmers, developers, special purpose districts, and others whose actions could impact hazard mitigation. subsidence—The caving in or sinking of an area of land. surface fault rupture—An offset of the ground surface when fault rupture extends to the Earth’s surface. xvi