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Examples Description Other Hazards of Interest Influenza Influenza is an infectious viral disease of birds and mammals commonly transmitted through airborne aerosols such as coughing or sneezing. Symptoms are chills, headache, fever, nausea, muscle pain and occasionally pneumonia. Mosquito-Transmitted Flu pandemics in the late 19th and 20th centuries:  Russian flu  1918 Spanish flu  Asian flu  Hong Kong flu  A/H1N1 or the swine flu. Avian flu strains H5N1 and H7N9 caused human deaths but did not escalate to pandemic proportions. Mosquitoes found in California are capable of spreading many diseases to humans and animals, including:  Malaria  Yellow fever  Dengue  Chikungunya  Zika  Canine heartworm  West Nile virus  Other encephalitis viruses Historically, California has experienced local transmission of malaria, western equine encephalomyelitis, St. Louis encephali tis, California encephalitis viruses, canine heartworm, and West Nile virus. Canine heartworm and West Nile virus continue to have frequent local transmission in California, with West Nile virus human cases numbering in the hundreds every year. With increased global trav el, the potential exists for the introduction or reintroduction of many mosquito-borne diseases into California. Respiratory Viruses Respiratory viruses are responsible for influenza-like illness. They can also cause the common cold. The virus that caused the Covid-19 pandemic is a respiratory virus. People at high risk (those with certain underlying conditions, the elderly, the very young, and pregnant women) can develop severe illness that results in hospitalization or death. The best way protection is proper hygiene and avoiding contact with sick individuals. The best way for those who are infected to protect others is to cover their nose and mouth when sneezing and coughing, use good hand hygiene, and stay home from work or school.  Adenovirus  Respiratory Syncytial Virus  Coronaviruses  Rhinovirus (Common Cold)  Influenza  Measles  Parainfluenza  Pertussis (whooping cough)  Parvovirus B19 Waterborne Diseases Diseases caused by micro-organisms transmitted in water can be spread while bathing, washing, drinking water, or eating food exposed to contaminated water.  Cholera  Leptospirosis  Giardiasis  Typhoid Fever  Legionnaires’ Disease /Pontiac Fever  Vibriosis Sexually Transmitted Disease HIV/AIDS, chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis are the predominant sexually transmitted infections handled by the Hawai’i State Department of Health Harm Reduction Services Branch, whose responsibilities include awareness, prevention, and control of these infections.  Chlamydia  Human Immunodeficiency  Genital warts Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency  Gonorrhea Syndrome (HIV/AIDS)  Hepatitis A, B, and C  Human papillomavirus  Herpes  Syphilis  Zika 18-3