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2021 Multijurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Responses to Public Health Emergencies A disease with a high CFR may require a suppressive strategy (i.e. quarantine, or lockdown), whereas when CFR is low, either naturally or because of available interventions such as vaccines, a mitigation strategy is likely to be more effective at reducing total deaths will resulting in substantially less economic damage (Davies, 2020). Contact tracing is a public health practice that health departments use to identify and notify people who have been exposed to someone with an infectious disease. Public health workers reach out to these exposed people to tell them that they have been in close contact with an infected person and to give them information and support to help them keep themselves and their loved ones safe. Public health departments have used contact tracing for decades to fight the spread of infectious diseases like measles, tuberculosis, syphilis, and HIV (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2021). There is not much warning time for health or pandemic events. The most commonly relied upon warning signal is the appearance of early cases of a disease within a population. The Health Alert Network is the CDC’s primary method of sharing cleared information about urgent public health incidents with public information officers; federal, state, territorial, tribal, and local public health practitioners; clinicians; and public health laboratories. The Health Alert Network collaborates with federal, state, territorial, tribal, and city/county partners to develop protocols and stakeholder relationships that will ensure a robust interoperable platform for the rapid distribution of public health information (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2021a). Climate Change Impacts on the Hazard Climate change is expected to have an impact on health hazards. Projected increases in hot days and extreme heat events will increase the risk of heat-associated deaths. Air quality impacts and drier conditions may exacerbate respiratory and cardiovascular conditions through greater concentrations of pollution and allergens. Prolonged droughts from climate change can also affect the quality of drinking water (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2020). The California 4th Climate Assessment finds that Bay Area public health is threatened by a number of climate- related changes, including more extreme heat events, increased air pollution from ozone formation and wildfires, longer and more frequent droughts, and flooding from sea level rise and high-intensity rain events. Heat waves alone pose increased health risks due to urban heat islands and lack of local experience and cooling infrastructure (air conditioning) in bayside cities. These risks are compounded for low-income communities. 18.1.2 Application to San Mateo County San Mateo County, like the rest of the United States, was included in the March 2020 FEMA major disaster declaration for the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic. As of June 2021, the total cases in the county were 42,438, with much of the explosion of cases occurring in the late months of 2020 and early months of 2021 (San Mateo County Health, 2021). During the COVID-19 pandemic, San Mateo County Health Department partnered with Qualtrics on creating web-based surveys to aid in case investigation and contact tracing processes (San Mateo County Health, 2021a). San Mateo County also dealt with effects from the 1918 Spanish Flu pandemic. Camp Fremont in Menlo Park reported the first death in September 1918. By December of that year, 131 community members had died of the flu (McGovern, 2020). 18-4