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Shinjyo and Shinjyo (2014) in an independent cell tower study from Japan, looked at <br />health effects of residents living in a condominium complex from 1998-2009, noting <br />health symptoms before placement of cell towers on their rooftop, during cell tower <br />functioning and ultimately after removal of different antennas. They found a significant <br />development of symptoms with placement of the cell towers and a significant reduction <br />in symptoms after removal. The most frequent symptoms were fatigue, loss of <br />motivation, headaches, eye pain, deteriorated eyesight, sleep disturbances, dizziness, <br />jitteriness, rapid heat rate, muscle aches and nasal bleeding. <br /> <br />Lopez (2021) did a longitudinal study examining the background radiation level and <br />health effects of those living near cell antenna base stations in a Madrid neighborhood <br />both before and after cell tower placement. They performed 268 surveys along with <br />measurements of in situ and in real–time electromagnetic radiation both outside and <br />inside the houses. They found a statistically significant increase in headaches, dizziness, <br />nightmares, fatigue and insomnia. They also noted after cell tower deployment a cancer <br />rate 10 times higher than the general population of Spain. <br /> <br />Meo (2018) performed a robust case controlled 2-year scientific study examining the <br />neurologic effects of children, aged 13-16, in schools with nearby cell towers, revealing a <br />significant decline in cognitive scores in the children whose school had the higher <br />radiating cell tower nearby, noting the levels were higher but still at non-thermal levels <br />and within the current guidelines. <br /> <br /> <br />Biochemical Changes – Stress Hormones, Thyroid hormones, <br />Reproductive Hormones <br /> <br />Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Hormones – <br />Eskander (2012) looked at the long-term exposure to RF from cell towers over a <br />6 year period. They showed a reduction in volunteers’ plasma ACTH, serum <br />cortisol levels and a decrease in the release of the thyroid hormones especially T3. <br />In addition prolactin in young females (14–22 years), and testosterone levels [in <br />males] significantly dropped. <br /> <br />Increase in Oxidation, <br />Zothansiama (2017) found that residents living within 80 meters (262 feet) of a <br />cell tower had lower innate and critical antioxidant levels (glutathione, superoxide <br />dismutase and catalase), increased early DNA damage and lipid peroxidation. <br />Lipids are carefully structured fatty acids located in delicate cell membranes. <br />Lipids are also critical in cell signaling controlling growth, survival and death of <br />the cell. High lipid peroxidation rates (toxic conditions) lead to “loss of <br />membrane integrity by alteration of its fluidity which finally triggers inactivation <br />of membrane-bound proteins” causing more “oxidative damage which <br />overwhelms repair capacity, and the cells induce apoptosis or necrosis <br />programmed cell death.” (Ayala 2014)