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City of Redwood City 2025 Public Health Goal Report 4 main, brass/bronze water meters, brass/bronze curb valves, and brass/bronze corporation valves can all contribute to lead leaching. In 2016 under California Health and Safety code section 116885, Senate Bill 1398 was adopted, and later amended by Senate Bill 427. This regulation required public water systems to compile an inventory of all known lead user service lines by July 1, 2020. The City of Redwood City completed this survey, and no lead service lines were found. The City continued to inventory the customer’s side of the service line as part of the Revised Lead and Copper Rule (LCRR) which had a compliance date of October 16, 2024 as established by the US EPA. At the time of this report, no lead service lines have been identified on any customer’s side of a service line. Although the City of Redwood City’s water sources are free of lead, several of the homes that participated in Redwood City’s 2024 Lead and Copper Sampling had lead levels that exceeded the PHG of 0.2 ppb. Results from the lead and copper sampling represent the worst-case conditions for lead levels in the distribution system. These samples are collected under a first draw condition, which means that water must sit in the customer’s piping for 6 hours before it is collected. Furthermore, the samples were taken from homes that are considered the highest risk locations. Many of the samples collected during the lead and copper sampling tested below the PHG for lead, and lead levels at the sampled locations may be higher than others because of the plumbing material used when these homes were built. The probable reason for the difference in lead concentration at the individual residences can be attributed to the plumbing components at these residences. It may be that some plumbing components at locations with lower levels of lead detected have been replaced with new “low-lead” fixtures. Additionally, beginning January 2010 in California all plumbing fixtures sold and installed for use in a plumbing system intended to convey drinking water are required to be lead free (as required by CA Health & Safety Code 116875). Values referred to as MCLs for lead are not actually MCLs; instead, they are called "Action Levels" as prescribed in Chapter 17.5 of Title 22, California Health and Safety Code. An MCL for lead is considered to be exceeded when 10% of the samples collected are above the action level. During Redwood City’s 2024 Lead and Copper Sampling all of the samples collected were below the Action Level of 15 ppb. However, 13 of the 30 samples collected tested above the PHG for lead as shown in the figure below. 9.B. - Page 12 of 27 201