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�A - 14 DRAFT URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN 1. Water Demand Overview This chapter describes past, current, and projected water use for Redwood City. It quantifies expected water savings resulting from passive conservation. In this report, passive conservation is defined as water savings accruing from the adoption of State and Federal plumbing codes mandating the sale of high- efficiency toilets and clothes washers. Passive conservation will occur over time without any City action or expense. This chapter also evaluates active conservation resulting from implementation of proactive, city- managed water conservation programs. The programs considered include all of the Best Management Practices (BMPs) identified in the Memorandum of Understanding Regarding Urban Water Conservation in California (MOU) as overseen by the California Urban Water Council. Redwood City signed the MOU in 1992. There are currently 14 identified BMPs. The costs and potential water savings vary widely for each BMP given the characteristics of Redwood City. These BMPs are evaluated in Section 1.2 of this Plan and a water conservation implementation plan is delineated. The implementation plan is based on meeting minimum coverage requirements (i.e., conservation activity levels) and schedule constraints defined for BMPs in the MOU. The plan does not factor in cost effectiveness or practical limitations that ultimately need to be. considered in optimizing the water resource mix. Hence, it is a "potential" implementation plan, put forward for the City Council to consider and implement as water supply circumstances dictate. 1.1 Past, Current, and Projected Base Water Use 1.1.1 Service Area and Climate The City of Redwood City water distribution system provides water retail services to Redwood City and portions of San Mateo County outside the corporate limits, including Canada College and the Emerald Lake Hills area. The City's service area presently covers approximately 10.3 square miles. Service is provided to areas between Highways 280 and 101, Whipple Avenue and Marsh Road in the area east of Highway 101, and in the non - contiguous Redwood Shores area. The City's service area vanes in elevation, from about mean sea level along Seaport Boulevard to over 800 feet in the Emerald Lake Hills area. The City has a Mediterranean climate as shown in Table 1.1 with its cool, wet winters and warm, dry summers. Rainfall in the Redwood City area averages 19.6 inches per year and is generally confined to the `vet" season from late October to early May. Irrigation demands are greatest from May through September.