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6.1 B Page 62 NOTE 2— CASH AND INVESTMENTS �CONTINUED� the fiscal year ended June 30, 2010 from the fiscal year ended June 30, 2009 amounted to an unrealized gain of $1,000,824. GASB 31 applies to all the City's investments, even if they are held to maturity and redeemed at full face value. Since the City's policy is to hold all investments to maturity, the fair value adjustments required by GASB 31 result in accounting gains or losses (called "recognized" gains or losses) which do not reflect actual sales of the investments (called "realized" gains or losses). Thus, recognized gains or losses on an investment purchased at par will now reflect changes in its value at each succeeding fiscal year-end, but these recognized gains or losses will net to zero if the investment is held to maturity. By following the requirements of GASB 31, the City is reporting the amount of resources which would actually have been available if it had been required to liquidate all its investments at any fiscal year-end. C. Restricted Cash The City's restricted cash consisted of $25,756,619 in cash and investments as of June 30, 2010 held by trustees or fiscal agents. The City had $3,555,786 in restricted cash and investments held by the City. This restricted cash is pledged for the payment or security of certain bonds, certificates of participation, and lease obligations. The California government code provides that these monies, in the absence of specific statutory provisions governing the issuance of bonds, certificates, or leases, may be invested in accordance with the ordinance, resolutions, or indentures specifying the types of investments its trustees or fiscal agents may make. In some situations, these investments differ from those permitted by the City investment policy. Included in these investments at lune 30, 2010 are guaranteed investment contracts with maturity dates in fiscal year 2011, 2034, and 2035 authorized in the bond indenture and by City Council prior to purchase. D. External lnvestment Pools The City is a voluntary participant in the Local Agency Investment Fund (LAIF) that is regulated by California Government Code Section 16429 under the oversight of the Treasurer of the State of California. The City reports its investment in LAIF at the fair value amount provided by LAIF. The balance available for withdrawal is based on the accounting records maintained by LAIF, which are recorded on an amortized cost basis. Included in LAIF's investment portfolio are collateralized mortgage obligation, mortgage-backed securities, other asset-backed securities, loans to certain state funds, and floating rate securities issued by federal agencies, government-sponsored enterprises, and corporations. These investments may include the following: Structured Notes - are debt securities (other than asset-backed securities) whose cash flow characteristics (coupon rate, redemption amount, or stated maturity) depend upon one or more indices and/or that have embedded forwards or options. Asset-Backed Securities - the bulk of which are mortgage-backed securities, entitle their purchasers to receive a share of the cash flows from a pool of assets such as principal and interest repayments from a pool of mortgages (such as Collateralized Mortgage Obligations) or credit card receivables. As of June 30, 2010, the City had $44,219,859 (estimated fair value) invested in LAIF. LAIF had invested 5.42% of the pool investment funds in Structured Notes and Asset-Backed Securities. LAIF determines fair value on its investment portfolio based on market quotations for those securities where market quotations are readily available and based on amortized cost or best estimate for those securities where market value is not readily available. The City valued its investments in LAIF as of June 30, 2010, 39